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However, direct-path loads have some serious limitations. You can t use this method under the following conditions: You re using clustered tables. You re loading parent and child tables together. You re loading VARRAY or BFILE columns. You re loading across heterogeneous platforms using Oracle Net. You want to apply SQL functions during the load.

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In a direct load, you can t use any SQL functions. If you need to perform a large data load and also transform the data during the load, you have a problem. The conventional data load will let you use SQL functions to transform data, but the method is very slow compared to the direct load. Thus, for large data loads, you may want to consider using one of the newer load/transform techniques, such as external tables or table functions, which you ll learn about later in this chapter.

Several SQL*Loader options are intended especially for use with the direct load option or are more significant for direct loads than conventional loads The following options are relevant to the directpath loading method: DIRECT: The DIRECT clause must be set to true in order for you to use the direct-path loading method (DIRECT=true) DATA_CACHE: The DATA_CACHE parameter comes in handy if you re loading the same data or timestamp values several times during a direct load SQL*Loader has to convert the date and timestamp data each time it encounters them If you have duplicate data and timestamp values in your data, you can reduce unnecessary data conversions, and thus processing time, by specifying the DATA_CACHE parameter By default, the DATA_CACHE parameter is enabled for 1,000 values.

non-CLS-compliant. By applying this attribute at the assembly level, you can specify that all types in the assembly should be considered CLS-compliant by default. The following code shows how to apply this attribute to assemblies and types: using namespace System; [assembly: CLSCompliant(true)]; // public types are CLS-compliant unless otherwise stated namespace ManagedWrapper { public ref class SampleCipher sealed { // ... }; [CLSCompliant(false)] // this class is explicitly marked as not CLS-compliant public ref class AnotherCipherAlgorithm sealed { // ... }; } According to CLS rule 11, all types used in a signature of an externally visible member (method, property, field, or event) should be CLS-compliant. To apply the [CLSCompliant] attribute correctly, you must know whether the types you use as method parameters and such are CLS-compliant or not. To determine the CLS compliance of a type, you must inspect the attributes of the assembly that contains the type definition, as well the attributes applied to the type itself. The FCL uses the CLSCompliant attribute, too. As shown in the code sample, mscorlib and most other assemblies from the FCL apply the [CLSCompliant(true)] attribute at the assembly level and mark types that are not CLS-compliant with [CLSCompliant(false)]. You should be aware that mscorlib marks the following commonly used primitive types as non-CLS-compliant: System::SByte, System::UInt16, System::UInt32, and System::UInt64. You must not use these types (or the equivalent C++ type names char, unsigned short, unsigned int, unsigned long, and unsigned long long) in signatures of type members that are considered CLS-compliant. When a type is considered CLS-compliant, its members are also considered CLScompliant, unless they are explicitly marked as non-CLS-compliant, as shown in the following sample: using namespace System; [assembly: CLSCompliant(true)]; // public types are CLS-compliant unless otherwise stated namespace ManagedWrapper { public ref class SampleCipher sealed

Opt. 1: Pipe to while read Opt. 2: Redirected file to back of loop Opt. 3: Redirected here-document to back of loop Opt. 4: Manual iteration through loop Yes Yes Yes Yes